【Skill 5】Understand if it's the writer's original idea or the writer's idea based on prior research from expressions such as 考えられる (is thought) and といえる (can be said) and sources

Sometimes in the process of establishing a research hypothesis or research objective etc., the source appears together with expressions that indicate the writers ideas, such as 考えられる (is thought) and といえる (can be said), as in the following. In a situation such as this, the ideas indicated are from a citation based on previous research, not the writer's original ideas. Appearing before 考えられる (is thought) in this sentence 内部適合は,ベストプラクティス・アプローチにおけるHPWPがHRM施策として整合されている状態 (Internal compatibility is a state in which the HPWP in Best Practice/Approach are consistent with HRM policies) is a citation from Kaufman (2010). The writer holds the same ideas, so they say 考えられる (is thought).

■ また内部適合は,ベストプラクティス・アプローチにおけるHPWPがHRM施策として整合されている状態と考えられる(Kaufman, 2010)。

(石山恒貴・山下茂樹「戦略的タレントマネジメントが機能する条件とメカニズムの解明―外資系企業と日本企業の比較事例研究―『日本労務学会誌』18-1,2017」

Also, because 性別ダイバーシティが高い職場では性別に基づくサブカテゴリ化が生じやすく,画一的な人員構成の職場と比べて協調が達成しにくい (Since it it easy for subcategories based on gender to arise in workplaces with high gender diversity, it is more difficult to achieve cooperation when compared with workplaces with uniformity in the composition of personnel) appears before 考えられる (is thought) in the following sentence, and van Knippenberg & Schippers(2007)等が指摘するように (as pointed out by Knippenberg & Schippers (2007) among others) appears in the beginning of the sentence, it is a citation from van Knippenberg & Schippers(2007). The source is specified to indicate that, while the writer also holds the same ideas, these are not their own original ideas.

■ 他方で,van Knippenberg & Schippers(2007)等が指摘するように,性別ダイバーシティが高い職場では性別に基づくサブカテゴリ化が生じやすく,一体化を図りやすい画一的な人員構成の職場と比べて,協調が達成しにくいと考えられる

(正木郁太郎・村本由紀子「性別ダイバーシティの高い職場における職務特性の心理的影響―仕事の相互依存性と役割の曖昧性に着目して―」『経営行動科学』30-3,2018)

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